Voyager M310e

Teledyne LeCroy has developed six generations of its industry leading USB protocol verification system since the introduction of USB in 1995. Each successive generation of the Teledyne LeCroy USB analyzer family has built upon the previous knowledge and expertise. Today, Teledyne LeCroy offers a broad range of USB test systems with unprecedented functionality, accuracy and user friendliness. The enormous cost of discovering problems after a product is released far outweighs the investment in Teledyne LeCroy's de-facto standard USB analysis tools. Their use improves the speed and efficiency of the debug, test and verification for USB semiconductor, device, and software vendors. Analyzers or bus "sniffers" also play an essential role in avoiding costly interoperability problems by allowing developers to verify compliance with the USB specification.

Consistent with the growing popularity of digital media, the USB-IF announced USB 3.0 in late 2007 targeting 10X the current USB bandwidth by utilizing two additional high-speed differential pairs for "SuperSpeed" transfer mode. The USB 3.0 specification was released in late 2008 and commercial products began shipping in late 2009. Teledyne LeCroy has pioneered the development of verifications systems for this new technology. The only company that offers a complete line of USB 3.0 test solutions covering transmitter test to protocol test, and every step in between, Teledyne LeCroy helps developers achieve their goals of performance, quality, reliability and time-to-market for SuperSpeed technology.

USB, or Universal Serial Bus, is a connectivity standard that enables computer peripherals and consumer electronics to be connected to a computer without reconfiguring the system or opening the computer box to install interface cards. The USB 1.0 specification was introduced in January 1996. The original USB 1.0 specification had a data transfer rate of 12 Mbit/s The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. It provided 12 Mbps data rate for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and a lower 1.5 Mbps rate for low bandwidth devices such as joysticks. USB 2.0 specification was released in April 2000 and was ratified by the USB-IF at the end of 2001 to develop a higher data transfer rate, with the resulting specification achieving 480 Mbit/s

USB today provides a fast, bi-directional, low-cost, serial interface that offers easy connectivity to PCs. A hallmark for USB operation has been the ability for the host to automatically recognize devices as they are attached and install the appropriate drivers. With features such as backward compatibility with previous devices and hot "plug-ability", USB has become the de-facto standard interface for various consumer and PC peripheral devices. The USB standard allows up to 127 devices connected to a Host System. USB designates low, full, high-speed connectivity between devices compatible with the 2.0 specification. Most full speed devices include lower bandwidth mice, keyboards, printers, and joysticks. The use of high speed USB has exploded with the rapid growth in digital media in the consumer electronics market including media players, digital cameras, external storage and smart phones.

SuperSpeed USB is designator for links operating at the 5 GHz frequency and compatible with the USB 3.0 specification. SuperSpeed USB provides a high performance connection topology for applications that utilize larger files or require higher bandwidth. SuperSpeed USB is backward compatible with USB 2.0, resulting in a seamless transition process for the end user. SuperSpeed USB offers a compelling opportunity for digital imaging and media device vendors to migrate their designs to higher performance USB 3.0 capable interface.

NEC/Renesas was the first chip vendor to introduce host controllers for USB 3.0 (5/18/2009). The first motherboards featuring USB 3.0 ports from Asus and Gigabyte followed in late 2009. In the first half of 2010, dozens of SuperSpeed devices began shipping as vendors rushed to deliver solutions using the 5Gbps signaling speed of USB 3.0. Expect mass adoption into high-bandwidth applications in late 2010.

From its emergence in 1995 as a low-cost connection interface for keyboards and mice, USB has steadily expanded its presence in computing and consumer electronics to become the most popular peripheral interconnect in history. USB continues to be dominant for the following reasons:

• Mature, proven technology
• Backward-compatible and low cost
• Easy plug and play operation
• Data transfer speeds suitable for a variety of applications

As evidenced by USB popularity, several extensions of the technology have been introduced to try and capitalize on its installed base/ popularity. An example of this extension, which is supported and approved by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF), is USB On-The-Go (OTG). Designed to allow portable computing devices, such as cell phones and digital cameras, the ability to connect to other USB devices as either a host or peripheral, OTG promises improved interoperability for an enormous number of USB enabled devices.

In addition, there are now dozens of USB device classes addressing everything from health care systems to isochronous video applications. Mass storage remains one of the most popular USB applications as consumers have embraced all types of digital media. The T10 committee has now finalized USB Attached SCSI (UAS) protocol which enables several significant improvements over legacy mass storage protocols including command queuing and streamed IO. Of particular interest is the new battery charging specification which provides a standard mechanism allowing devices to draw current in excess of the USB specification when connected to wall chargers or fast charging host controllers. In addition to the traditional data interchange application, the battery charging specification has solidified USB's dominant role as the interface of choice in the portable electronics market.

USB was initially introduced as a host to peripheral interconnect with the goal of putting most of the intelligence on the host-side. The OTG specification added an optional peer-to-peer capability to devices but had limited adoption to date. So the vast majority of USB devices typically fall into 2 categories:

• Hosts
  • PCs, Macs and laptops
• Peripherals
  • All devices designed to attach to a host (examples)

The role of the host controller (plus software) is to provide a uniform view of IO systems for all applications software. For the USB IO subsystem in particular, the host manages the dynamic attach and detach of peripherals. It automatically performs the enumeration stage of device initialization which involves communicating with the peripheral to discover the identity of a device driver that it should load, if not already loaded. It also provides device descriptor information that drivers can use enable specific features on the device. Peripherals add functionality to the host system or may be standalone embedded operation. When operating as a USB device, peripherals act are slaves that obey a defined protocol. They must react to requests sent from the host. It's largely the role of PC software to manage device power without user interaction to minimize overall power consumption. The USB 3.0 specification redefines power management to occur at the hardware level with multiple power states designed to reduce power usage across the IO system.

• USB Implementer's Forum
• Intel
• Microsoft

With comprehensive support for USB Type-C™, 3.2 Gen 2x1 and Power Delivery 3.1 specifications, Teledyne LeCroy’s legendary Voyager analyzer platform provides the industry’s most accurate and reliable capture of SuperSpeed USB and PD protocol for fast debug, analysis and problem solving. Featuring the de facto standard CATC Trace™ display and loaded with innovative features that help uncover elusive protocol errors, the Voyager platform is the intelligent choice for any USB protocol validation task.

The M310e is available with an integrated exerciser capable of emulating host and endpoint behaviors for USB 2.0, 3.2, in addition to PD Source, Sink and Dual-Role devices. Highly configurable, this single platform supports the broadest range of official USB-IF Compliance specs including USB Power Delivery 3.1, Type-C, USB 3.2 Hub and Link Layer. Now enhanced to support Power Delivery Extended Power Range (EPR) devices, the M310e is the ‘one-stop’ solution for USB certification.

The Voyager M310e features the industry’s highest fidelity probe design and provides unmatched reliability when testing devices up to USB 3.2 Gen-2 (10Gb/s) speeds. Designed to non-intrusively record both 5 and 10 Gb/s SuperSpeed links, the analog front-end in the M310e is fully compatible with systems that use Alternate Modes including two-lane and four-lane DisplayPort. Hot plug any combination of USB host and device and the Voyager system will transparently follow speed negotiation and lock to the established rate. While in line, it will detect and seamlessly recover from electrical idle and low power modes while accurately showing all U1/U2/U3 state transitions.

The front-end of the Voyager analyzer features standard USB Type-C connectors that support USB 2.0 and 3.0/3.2 signals to provide loss-less capture of traffic from all active links simultaneously. Concurrent recording of legacy USB, SuperSpeed+ and PD messages, allows end-to-end viewing of USB 3.2 Type-C bridge and dock configuration requests (legacy USB devices are fully supported using the included adapter cables). The Voyager M310e platform includes 16GB of recording memory plus USB 3.2 and Gbe links for uploading recorded traffic to the host PC.

The heart of the Voyager analyzer is Teledyne LeCroy's revolutionary BusEngine technology. This state-of-the-art protocol processing core incorporates a real-time recording engine and configurable tools to selectively monitor and record SuperSpeed USB traffic. Field upgradeable firmware allows the BusEngine to evolve and support new features or future changes to the USB specification.

In addition to compliance verification and error injection, the exerciser can emulate a USB endpoint and intelligently respond to host enumeration or Power Delivery requests. When acting as source or sink, the system provides programmatic control of power levels including the full range of VBUS voltages, including EPR mode (up to 50 volts). Any combination of PD messages and power transitions can be defined allowing corner-case testing of role swaps and power save states.

The Voyager utilizes the legendary CATC Trace - the industry's de facto standard since the inception of USB 1.0 technology. The trace viewer software uses colors and patterns to train the eye to understand information faster. When recording mixed traffic upstream from a SuperSpeed hub, Legacy 2.0 and 3.2 packets are labeled and interleaved in a single display. Each event is shown on a separate row with every field labeled and color-coded. Traffic from the logical 2.0 & 3.2 channels can be individually filtered, searched or exported from the trace. The USB Transfer level can be expanded and collapsed to show the packet layer including all link commands and flow control primitives.

The Voyager is the only analyzer on the market that captures every transition at the 5 and 10 Gb/s link rates including idles, inter-packet symbols, corrupt 10-bit codes and 128-bit data blocks. The Link Tracker provides a chronological upstream / downstream display of all ordered sets with timing resolution of 800ps. Designed to assist with low-level debugging, all symbols including training sequences can be displayed in raw 10-bit, 8-bit, scrambled, and unscrambled Hex format. Symbol-to-symbol timing measurements are possible with a single click.

• Capture / Analyze USB 2.0/3.2 and PD traffic concurrently - Record 2.0 / 3.2 & PD to see end-to-end host, hub and dock operation.
• Integrated USB 3.2 analyzer / exerciser (single box) - Multifunction system with 2.0 & 3.2 device and host traffic generation
• USB Type-C & PD analyzer / exerciser - Generate and record all Type-C and Power Delivery protocol messages and state changes
• CATC Trace Analysis Software - Expand / Collapse transfer layer for faster interpretation of USB traffic
• 16GB Recording Capacity - Capture long recording sessions for analysis and problem solving
• Raw bit Recording / 10-bit error detection - View and correlate low-level 10-bit symbols to higher-level packet structures
• Detects over 50 Link & Protocol errors - Critical link and timing errors are automatically detected and flagged in the trace
• 800ps timing resolution - Extremely accurate timing resolution allows precise measurement of link layer handshaking
• External Trigger In / Out - Use the Teledyne LeCroy Voyager to identify any packet and toggle a scope or logic analyzer (via SMA connectors)
• Fully supports SSC and Data scrambling - Fast Locking and Accurate capture on 5 and 10 Gbps signals
• Hardware Triggering - Trigger on 2.0 and 3.2 protocol events to isolate important traffic, specific errors or data patterns
• Comprehensive Device Decoding - SCSI Mass Storage, Hub, PTP/Still Image, Printer, PictBridge, Media Transfer Protocol (MTP), and all popular USB device classes
• Hardware Filtering - Automatically exclude non-essential and redundant symbols including Idles, TS1, TS2, SKPs, and LFPS sequences.
• Sophisticated Viewing - View TLP messages and headers, plus logical transaction and transfer layers of the USB protocol
• Gbe or USB 3.0 Upload - Sustained transfer rates of 600Mbps over Gbe provide instant access to captured data
• Loopback and Compliance Mode - Exerciser system provides special console for initiating loopback and compliance mode
• Link Training State Views - LTSSM flow diagram and chronological views linked to trace display
• Real Time Statistics - RTS window shows throughput, link statistics and packet error rates graphically, in real time
• Compliance Test option - Voyager is a certified Link Verification System (LVS) for performing Link, Hub, PD and USB Type-C compliance testing
• Power Tracker Option - Graphs Power & Current draw for VBus devices synchronized to trace data - fully compatible with PD voltages (up to 48 volts)

The Voyager provides hardware triggering to pinpoint protocol events of interest. Trigger events can be specified at the lowest levels including bus states and ordered sets (Link up, SKP, etc...) or header fields including address or packet types (ACK, Data, etc….). Voyager's graphical drag-and-drop interface makes setup easy. Using the Advanced mode, users can define trigger logic that monitors multiple sequential events including Control or Bulk transfers, VBUS & CC voltages, state changes or protocol errors.

SuperSpeed data transfers at 10 Gb/s can fill memory buffers in an instant making event filtering critical for efficient debug. The Voyager analyzer can filter unwanted traffic from the buffer in real-time by discarding redundant patterns such as SKPs, idles, and training sequences. Filtering logic can also include transaction layer packets with added criteria like direction or device address.

The Teledyne LeCroy Voyager can detect and flag real protocol errors including more than 50 different USB issues and 15 unique PD error conditions. At the lower layers, training sequences, header fields, link layer handshakes and timing parameters are automatically verified. At the SCSI and USB transaction layers, individual exchanges are checked for completeness. The Spec-View displays header fields in hex or binary and also marks errors in red.

A comprehensive exerciser capability with support for both USB PD, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.2 traffic generation is built-in to the Voyager platform. The exerciser option allows users to transmit custom packets over standard USB cables with low-level control of headers, payloads, timing, and link states. Featuring Voyager ReadyLink™ and Transaction Engine, the exerciser includes full function link and transaction layer state machines that automatically handle all USB 3.2 handshakes for easier test script development. ReadyLink performs link synchronization, flow control and header acknowledgements in hardware. The Transaction Engine manages NRDY retry conditions allowing the Voyager to operate at full line rate and correctly respond to the DUT as defined by the specification. Overrides allow these behaviors to be altered such as shortening LFPS intervals, link training sequences or handshake timing. The Exerciser is seamlessly integrated with the protocol analyzer, making the Voyager system a complete test and development solution for engineers validating USB protocol.

The Voyager USB Compliance Suite provides comprehensive support for Type-C, PD, Link Layer and hub compliance testing. Integrated with Teledyne LeCroy’s Voyager exerciser platform, the Compliance Suite is certified by the USB-IF for Type-C, Power Delivery, Link Layer (Ch. 6 & 7) and Hub (Ch.10) testing. Fully automated, the compliance tester utilizes emulation scripts to mimic USB, PD, and Type-C link behaviors. The exerciser is used to initiate and respond to USB and PD commands like a real device while analyzing the response from the DUT. It communicates directly over Type-C cabling, records and analyzes every protocol exchange, and generates a pass/fail report. For Type-C and PD Compliance, the exerciser leverages a comprehensive library of high-level commands to emulate Type-C source, sink and DRP behaviors. Flexible control for resistor voltages (Rp / Rd / Ra), as well as programmable VCONN and vBUS settings allow precise testing of cable orientation, default power roles and current consumption (see detailed descriptions under options tab).

The Voyager software performs full decoding of USB device class traffic with both automatic and manual assignment of decodes to individual endpoints. From MTP, to CCD, to Video class, the Voyager provides the most comprehensive decoding available. It offers full support for the newest device types including Audio 3.0, Type-C Bridge, Content Security and USB Attached SCSI. It also supports vendor specific decoding for developers interested in automatically showing proprietary commands in the trace view.

The Voyager software provides many mechanisms to measure and report on USB 2.0 and 3.2 protocol. With the Traffic Summary display, users can evaluate statistical reports at a glance or navigate to individual events. Users may select transaction packets to view ACK/NAK or Device Notification events, then jump to each occurrence with a single keystroke. Reports are available showing link throughput and flow control metrics. Higher-level events are also tracked and reported at the logical USB Transfer level. The error report shows a range of protocol violations - from invalid CRCs to framing errors.

The LTSSM View provides an interactive USB 3.2 state machine diagram. Each state change is shown graphically and is hyperlinked to the trace display. The link state timing view shows the same information in a time-line format.

Bus Utilization graphs show data and packet length, bus usage by device in a histogram format. The Bandwidth calculator automatically calculates the time delta between two points in the trace. Fast Search and Find options allow users to navigate to specific packets, errors and any data type within a trace file. The CATC Trace supports filter and hide commands, to temporarily remove irrelevant data from the display for more efficient viewing.

The Voyager M310e Power Tracker option offers a unique monitoring capability for vBus power and current. Power information is sampled and displayed graphically in a time-line format. The voltage and current displays are synchronized to trace events allowing users to verify power state transitions at the protocol and electrical layers. Separate power graphs are provided for CC and VCONN voltages making it easy to identify logical Type-C state transitions. Fully compatible with the higher voltages required for PD EPR devices, the Power Tracker automatically calculates the voltage change and slew rate for a selected area.

With best-in-class features including non-intrusive probing, 16GB recording memory, and SuperSpeed 3.0 data upload ports, the Voyager system features countless innovations in data analysis to help reduce time-to-market for USB devices. Combined with the exerciser and compliance testing options, the Voyager platform is well suited for low-level silicon validation as well as system and software level USB protocol debug.